Different Types of forced marriage:
"Forced marriage can assume various forms and may occur in situations involving slavery; mail order marriages; human trafficking; arranged, traditional and customary marriages; expedient marriage; marriages as dispute settlement; fictitious marriages; trokosi (the practice of giving young virgin girls to priests to serve as sexual slaves as payment for services or as atonement), and; bride kidnapping or marriage to acquire citizenship. Also, the forced marriage of people with disabilities, where the victim may lack capacity to give full and informed consent, or she may lack capacity to consent to sex within a marriage, constitutes another form." http://www.endvawnow.org/en/articles/614-definition-of-forced-and-child-marriage.html
Forced Child Marriages:
It is mostly women affected by forced marriage. If you're married under the age of 18 its automatically considered a forced marriage. Being in a forced marriage as a child can affect the "children’s education and risks to their physical and psychological health." Child marriage can be considered slavery if: "1. If the child has not genuinely given their free and informed consent to enter the marriage; 2. If the child is subjected to control and a sense of “ownership” in the marriage itself, particularly through abuse and threats, and is exploited by being forced to undertake domestic chores within the marital home or labour outside it, and/or engage in non-consensual sexual relations; 3. If the child cannot realistically leave or end the marriage, leading potentially to a lifetime of slavery."http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today/descent_based_slavery_2/default.aspx
In the United States:
"An arranged marriage is differentiated from forced marriage because the marrying parties agree to the marriage arrangement in an arranged marriage."
- In the United States considers forced marriage a violation of human rights and in some cases child abuse.
- In the US, "...only ten states have legislation that directly address forced marriage. The U.S. State Department recognizes forced marriage as a marriage without the consent of at least one party"
- "Exceptions allow children under the age of 18 to legally marry. Most states grant children, usually between 16 to 17 years old, a marriage license so long as their parents give parental consent. The other exception involves judicial approval and can allow people under the age of 15 to marry.Unchained at Last found that between 1995 and 2012, judges allowed 178 children between the ages of 10 and 15 to marry in New Jersey. From this sample, a number were children married to adults.The Tahirih Justice Center reported at least 3,000 suspected forced marriage cases in the United States between 2009 and 2011."
http://www.endslaverynow.org/learn/slavery-today/forced-marriage
Why are people forced into marriage:
In the United States:
"An arranged marriage is differentiated from forced marriage because the marrying parties agree to the marriage arrangement in an arranged marriage."
- In the United States considers forced marriage a violation of human rights and in some cases child abuse.
- In the US, "...only ten states have legislation that directly address forced marriage. The U.S. State Department recognizes forced marriage as a marriage without the consent of at least one party"
- "Exceptions allow children under the age of 18 to legally marry. Most states grant children, usually between 16 to 17 years old, a marriage license so long as their parents give parental consent. The other exception involves judicial approval and can allow people under the age of 15 to marry.Unchained at Last found that between 1995 and 2012, judges allowed 178 children between the ages of 10 and 15 to marry in New Jersey. From this sample, a number were children married to adults.The Tahirih Justice Center reported at least 3,000 suspected forced marriage cases in the United States between 2009 and 2011."
http://www.endslaverynow.org/learn/slavery-today/forced-marriage
Why are people forced into marriage:
- "To control unwanted behaviour and sexuality, and prevent ‘unsuitable’ relationships, i.e. with people outside their ethnic, cultural, caste or religious group
- To protect perceived cultural or religious ideals
- Family ‘honour’ or long-standing family commitments
- Peer group or family pressure
- To ensure land, property and wealth remain in the family
- To strengthen family links
- To assist claims for residence and citizenship
- To provide a carer for a disabled family member / reduce the ‘stigma’ of disability" http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/forcedmarriage/motives_1.shtml
No comments:
Post a Comment